The History of Smallpox and How It Became Eradicated Essay

Smallpox is an ancient and very deadly disease. Scientists think that smallpox first started around 10,000 B.C. in Africa. They also think that it spread from Africa to India by Egyptian merchants. Scientists have studied the mummy of the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses V., who died in 1156 B.C., and they think that he had smallpox. Smallpox was also known to be in China in 1122 B.C. There are also writings from India around that same time that mention smallpox. Smallpox is the only disease to ever be eradicated, which means it is no longer around. The last person to have it was in Somalia in 1977. Smallpox first appeared in Europe between the 5th and 7th centuries and was common in the Middle Ages. There was an epidemic of smallpox around the†¦show more content†¦Andrew Jackson got it when he was 14, while he was a British prisoner during the American Revolution. His brother was a prisoner with him and died from smallpox. Abraham Lincoln got sick right after he gave his famous spe ech, â€Å"The Gettysburg Address.† He was sick for almost four weeks and survived, but one of his servants did not. Smallpox is caused by the variola virus. It is in the family of viruses called Poxviridae. There are two kinds of variola virus, variola major and variola minus. Variola major is much more severe than variola minor and kills about 30% of people who are infected. Variola minor kills between 1 and 5% of those infected. Smallpox does not infect any animals except humans and people or animals cannot just carry the disease. Smallpox is spread by face-to-face contract. It can also be spread through the bed sheets and clothes of people who have the disease. The symptoms of smallpox start about two weeks after people get the virus, with a fever and feeling of low energy. People also have headaches, sore throats, flu symptoms, and start throwing up. After a few days, a rash that is raised above the skin begins. People also get sores inside the mouth, throat, and nose. A fter a person has had smallpox for about three weeks, scabs form and then begin to fall off. A person is contagious from the time the fever starts until the last scab falls off. People do not spread the disease at school or out inShow MoreRelatedWhy The Disease Has Been An Enemy Of A Human Ever Since It First?856 Words   |  4 Pagesthe disease for most of history, often at the losing end. However, the principle of immunization equalized this adversarial relationship. The concept of vaccination has been one of the most significant medical advancements in history because it has prevented the onset of deadly diseases, has eradicated previously malignant maladies, and has improved human life by removing fear of acquiring such contagious afflictions. The institution of vaccination began with smallpox. Smallpox had been a very eminentRead MoreWhat is Smallpox?789 Words   |  3 PagesSmallpox What is smallpox? Smallpox is a contagious deadly disease that can easily be transferred from one person to another either by face-to-face contact or direct contact with bodily fluids such as sweat and saliva from someone who’s infected such as sneezing, coughing, or skin touching. They can also spread from being in contact with contaminated objects as well. Those who are infected usually doesn’t know they are infected until 7-17 days later when they start developing flu like symptomsRead MoreIs Child Vaccination A Good Idea?1393 Words   |  6 Pageswere to have measles, whoever is immune would not contract it. If the population was not immune to easily preventable illnesses such as smallpox and diphtheria, then epidemics could erupt, killing most of the population. This has been proven to be true in the history of America. Once the Europeans came over the America, they had already formed a resistance to smallpox. 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Vaccines prevent an estimated 2.5 million deaths every year through their effectiveness in preventing disease (Barnighausen, et al.,2014). They prevent individuals from getting diseases by stimulating the body to produce an immune response so that the body’s immune system remembers how to fight the disease and can easily rid the bodyRead MoreHow Did The People And Events That Changed Medical History1105 Words   |  5 PagesPeople and Events that Changed Medical History Modern Medicine wouldn’t be the same without major turning points in history. Not only did it change the way people work in hospitals, but it changed the way people live their lives. Because of these medical discoveries and scientists, people are able to live happy, healthy lives. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered the â€Å"Father of Microbiology.† He was passionate about lens grinding and could adjust light extremely well. He developed a compoundRead MoreVaccines : A More Influential Achievement Than The Development Of The Last Century1589 Words   |  7 Pageshave been eradicated because of the development and widespread use of vaccines. The history of vaccines is, however, very complex. The growth widespread use of vaccines requires a balance of scientific ingenuity and social acceptance. Vaccines historically have, and continue to, cause strong scientific, social, and cultural reactions. The concept of vaccines, basically exposure to a disease to trick the body into forming immunity, has been controversial from its beginnings. The history of vaccinesRead MoreBubonic Plague vs Smallpox Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesIlls Throughout history, many diseases have come and gone, leaving waves in the water of human progress. And though illnesses have been numerous, only two diseases have truly affected entire civilizations, ravaging the culture and lifestyle of the peoples, and escalating to epidemical heights. The two scourges are bubonic plague, which influenced Europe during the 1300’s, and smallpox, which impacted Mesoamerica and the Native Americans from the 1500’s to the 1900’s. To understand how these sicknessesRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1484 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout human history there have been a few events that have caused devastation and irreversibly changed the course of history. These events were triggered not by humans, but by plagues. Plagues, defined as an epidemic with an amazingly high mortality rate according to the Merriam Webster dictionary, have been recorded throughout history, from the Plague of Justinian in Rome, to the Modern Plague of China (CDC). To the common man, all s/he sees is, the plague arrives, kills tens of millionsRead MoreSmallpox : A Dangerous And Highly Contagious Disease2225 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Smallpox is a dangerous and highly contagious disease. It is described as a disfiguring disease due to the bumps that appear on an infected person, once gone through their entire cycle they leave behind deep pitted scars. There are two strains of smallpox, variola major and variola minor. Variola major is the most common form of smallpox with more dangerous outcomes than variola minor. Smallpox is transmitted via face to face prolonged contact with an infected person but can also be transmitted

Microeconomics of Customer Relationships Free Essays

Reading: Microeconomics of Customer Relationships ? Reading: Microeconomics of Customer Relationships The follow is a critique and review of the reading of Microeconomic of Customer Relationships by Fred Reichheld. I will review the article and evaluate Mr. Reachheld. We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomics of Customer Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will also apply economic theories into why and how I came to my conclusions. Overview on the Reading Microeconomic of Customer Relationships by Fred Reichheld is based on a simple survey based customer-relationship metric known as â€Å"net-promoter score†, or NPS. The NPS divides customers into three categories based on the simple question, â€Å"How likely is it that you would recommend us to a friend or colleague? † (Reichheld, 2006, pg. 73) Customers at the high end are labeled promoters, because of their likelihood of loyalty and positive word-of-mouth promotion. The low end of the spectrum is the opposite of the promoter and labeled a detractor. By quantifying the value the customers have the company can then devise action plans to solve problems, or expatiate growth. Evaluation of the Author Fred Reichheld was very good at relating NPS in a practical and evaluative way. What I found most interesting in his analysis of NPS was the customer grid (Figure 1). Figure 1. Customer Grid. From Fred Reichheld’s Microeconomics of Customer Relationships. (2006, pg. 76) Reichheld came to the conclusion that the upper right was the top long-term priority. I completely agree with this conclusion. He then put the upper right and the lower right as the next highest priority. He does make some good points, such as bad word-of-mouth and high profits that could pick up ship and move on elsewhere. I, however, would put a higher priority in the upper middle section as long as this is a large corporation. A small business may very well need to stamp out the issues of the unsatisfied because they can’t afford the risk of losing base. In a large corporation, volume is huge and needs to be satisfied. If you can find a way to get the middle column to the right, your NPS would rise. Conversely, if you don’t satisfy the middle, or large volume customers, they could move to the left causing havoc. Netflix recently made a bold move of raising it’s prices 60% and split it’s services into two separate entities. This angered that middle column of subscribers that used Netflix, but didn’t have strong opinions toward it. Netflix’s stock prices have plummeted 26 percent this year(Randall, 2011). Netflix was counting on customer loyalty to prevail over the increase in prices, but instead had a huge backlash. An example of a company that focuses on the right and the middle of their NPS is Apple. Apple has created a company with an almost cult like following. Apple’s NPS is 79% with only 2% detractors based on a 2008 survey by Satmetrix (Schofield, 2008). Apple has been genius at getting customers to the upper right section of the customer grid. It developed products to appeal to the masses. Criticism toward Apple has been their lack of Adobe flash integrated into their iphones(Chen, 2008). This causes anger to the left sections of customer who want flash enabled devices. Apple could easily try to appease this group and enable Flash, but because it views it as an unstable platform, it refuses to use it. Apple isn’t as concerned about the haters as it is about those loyal to Apple, or those who are on the fence. Recent commercials have depicted Apple as more stable and fun to used than PCs, in an attempt to grab at that market with no brand loyalty. Economic Theories I do realize my examples for my disagreement with Reichheld on priority placed on the NPS is not for all market conditions and companies. There are many factors that can sway priority away from where focus was previously. The Netflix example, for instance, was based on a company who thought it had somewhat of a monopoly, yet after it made it’s decision to raise prices realized costumers left for other options such as Hulu plus and Blockbuster’s DVD by mail service. Netflix is now forced to have its main focus on the left and pacify those who were angered. There is also supply and demand to consider. When there is a high demand for a product and a limited supply, a higher priority needs to be set on the upper right because holding a high percentage of the market share when supply is low will keep customers when or if the supply is increased and you will need customer loyalty when new competitors are able to enter due to a lower cost of entry. Conclusion Fred Reichheld wrote an excellent article breaking down NPS and applying it to business. I had a slight disagreement over his priority placement mainly because it is flexible to the situation and I would focus on the masses rather and a select few. The article was well written and very practical with easy to understand data. References Chen, B. (2008, November 17). Why apple won’t allow adobe flash on iphone. Retrieved from http://www. wired. com/gadgetlab/2008/11/adobe-flash-on/ Randall, D. 2011, September 19). Nflx tumbles on qwikster announcement; are netflix’s best days behind it?. Retrieved from http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2011/09/19/nflx-netflix-stock-qwikster_n_970879. html Reichheld, F. (2006). The microeconomics of customer relationships. MITSloan Management Review, 47(2), 73-78. Schofield, M. (2008, April 10). Satmetrix benchmarks net promoter scores in four key industry sectors. Retrieved from http://www. reuters. com/article/2008/04/10/idUS191482 10-Apr- 2008 BW20080410 How to cite Microeconomics of Customer Relationships, Papers

Moving Parts Digger Essay Example For Students

Moving Parts Digger Essay MAKe YOUR own: moving parts digger Diggers are very popular in our house but weve found that good digger crafts are quite hard to come by. Using Roger Prides great book Rainbow Trucks as inspiration decided to take matters into my own hands. The end result is this simple digger picture. Its heaps Of fun to color in and, best Of all, you get to put the pieces together and move them around. You will need this project sheet roadbed hole punch split pins (brads) markers or paints scissors photo and glue (optional) directions Before you get started youll need to transfer the digger images to cardboard. You can print or photocopy the images straight onto card. Otherwise, just glue the paper onto card or trace the image on to card by holding it up against a window (thats what did). 1 232 1 Color-in or paint the digger and digger parts. Cut the pieces out and punch oleos where marked. We also cut up some photos and pasted them on the digger so that the kids could be in the drivers seat! Attach the parts using split pins (brads) and there you have a fabulous moving parts digger! Hope you enjoy this craft. If you have a chance, take a photo of your completed digger and email it to me ([emailprotected] Com) so can add it to the Kids Craft Weekly photo gallery. T) 2007 streetwalker. Com 2007 streetwalker. Com