Gang Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gang - Essay Example Meetings and gatherings with the police department and the community members to talk about and enlighten the community members on the effects of crime. The members of the community get to have information on how to identify the criminals and how to report to the relevant authorities. The members need to know that it is their right to stay safe and secure all the time. Gang Resistance Education and Training program, one of the best known educational-based prevention programs. Developed by bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and explosives in conjunction with the local police. This program consists series of lessons for the community and students that include skill development to help resist gangs and gang membership, avoid involvement in crime and learn the dangers associated with crime and gangs. The program is effective in developing positive attitudes towards the police and negative attitudes toward involvement in gangs and crime. Children have always learned how to act in the real world from the stories they hear, mass media contributes significantly to their behaviors. If the stories children see involve violence as a solution to problems, they are most likely to exercise violence to solve problems and challenges they face in the real world. The parents of the children can take charge to change how the children behave through either the following ways. Reduce exposure to media violence. If children watch movies, television less and less randomly, the chances of them seeing violence will be very minimal. Setting limits on how much the children watch and setting guidelines on what they watch can help accomplish reduction to exposure to media violence. Parents may consider adding positive programs while limiting negative ones. Another way to control is by establishing guidelines to media other than television, including video games, magazines, movies, comic books and videos. Change the

Factors affecting the success of localization strategy of fast food Literature review

Factors affecting the success of localization strategy of fast food companies in Asian countries - Literature review Example Integrating national economy to the global economy calls for sustainable developmental approaches through efficient use of local resources with the underlying cause of welfare to the society with environment friendly processes. According to Bruntland report  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Development that meets the  needs  of the present without compromising the  ability  of future generations to meet their own needs† is called as sustainable development (Business Dictionary.com). This paper seeks to study and analyze the issue with reference to the following questions: 1. Why localization strategy is important for fast food industry in Asian countries?   2. How to use the localization strategy for fast food industry in Asian countries?   3. What are the key factors affecting the success of localization strategy of fast food companies in Asian countries?   Localization strategy in Asian countries Asian markets are highly heterogeneous in nature, especially in the case of food industry with different ethnic groups, languages, vast cultural differences and divergent climatic conditions. The religious mix varies from region to region with a very long history. Food security and alleviation of poverty are the major concerns for the most of the Asian countries which are heavily populated compared to European or American countries. The government policies are oriented towards building a sustainable food economy. Therefore, a successful localization strategy for a sustainable growth has to be in line with the basic objectives of the State taking into account the income levels, local spending choices, nutrition and health, rural bias of the economy, urbanization process at various stages in different countries, employment generation, educational and technological developments of the regions, the use of agricultural lands, climatic conditions, efficient utilization of natural resources and its environmental impact. Business Monitor International (2011, p. 6) states â€Å" Health and hygiene scares continue to be a major concern in China’s food industry, with the government implementing crackdowns on chemical additives in food products†. Adoption of the best industrial and commercial practices by the fast food companies is essential for the desired effect in reshaping the food system and food habits in the communities. Localization efforts go beyond menus and the organization needs to integrate itself with the cultural mainstream of the host country to strike a chord with the consumers. Lee, M. et al (2011) state, â€Å"Yum’s cultural flexibility doesn’t end with the localized menu. While fast-food restaurants in the West often host kids’ birthday parties, KFCs in Urumqi, capital of the Xinjiang autonomous region that’s home to the Muslim Uyghur people, advertise parties for the families of boys who have just undergone the religious ritual of circumcision†.   The Asian markets hold potential for growth in future on account of growing population which provides a huge market coupled with high growth in economy over the period of time in the past which is expected to continue in future. Davies, R. (1996, p. 2) states â€Å"The interest in Asian management is primarily a recent phenomenon, facilitated by the growth in Asian markets within the global economy, and a realization in the West that Asia is both a region that will be central to any serious global business, and also a region that can offer the West much wisdom in management techniques†. The subsequent developments in the continent have justified this

Types of Sustainable Energy

Types of Sustainable Energy Solar Energy Solar energy is consuming sunbeams it changed by using N-type and P-type semiconductor materials.   When the sunlight is captivated by these materials, the solar energy hits electrons loose from the atoms, allowing the electrons to flow into the material to produce electricity.   This method is called the photovoltaic effect.   Solar panels is the most popular way of converting light to energy with the use of ultraviolet and infrared light can be converted into reusable energy. There are a variety of technologies that have been developed to take advantage of solar energy, which include solar hot water heating hot water with solar energy, the use of solar to produce electricity and solar energy to heat and cool homes and office buildings. Geothermal Energy This energy is the warmth from the earth.   It has benefits as it is clean and sustainable.   Resources of geothermal energy range from the low ground to hot water and hot rocks found a few miles below the earths surface and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.   The shallow ground and or upper 10 feet of the earths surface maintain a nearly constant temp between 50 and 60 degrees F (10 to 16 centigrade).   Geothermal heat pumps can be tapped into to heat and cool buildings. Geothermal warmth pumps can tap into this resource to heat and cool buildings. A geothermal heat pump system consists of a heat pump, an air delivery system (ductwork), and a heat exchanger-a system of pipes buried in the shallow ground near the building. In the winter, the heat pump removes heat from the heat exchanger and pumps it into the indoor air delivery system. In the summer, the process is reversed, and the heat pump moves heat from the indoor air into the heat exchanger. The heat removed from the indoor air during the summer can also be used to provide a free source of hot water. Hydroelectric Energy Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity. This is called hydroelectric power or hydropower. The most common type of hydroelectric power plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which in turn activates a generator to produce electricity. But hydroelectric power doesnt necessarily require a large dam. Some hydroelectric power plants just use a small canal to channel the river water through a turbine. Another type of hydroelectric power plant called a pumped storage plant can even store power. The power is sent from a power grid into the electric generators. The generators then spin the turbines backward, which causes the turbines to pump water from a river or lower reservoir to an upper reservoir, where the power is stored. To use the power, the water is released from the upper reservoir back down into the river or lower reservoir. This spins the turbines forward, activating the generators to produce electricity. A small or micro-hydroelectric power system can produce enough electricity for a home, farm, or ranch. Biomass Energy We have used biomass energy or bio energy, the energy from organic matter for thousands of years, ever since people started burning wood to cook food or to keep warm.   Today wood is still our largest biomass energy resource, but other types of resources can now be used this includes plants, residues from agriculture or forestry and the factors of industrial waste.   Even the fumes from landfills can be used as a biomass energy source. The use of this reusable energy can potentially reduce our greenhouse gas emissions and produces the same carbon monoxide as fossil fuels but every time a plant grows, carbon monoxide is removed from the atmosphere. Wind Energy Wind turbines, like windmills, are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy. At 100 feet (30 meters) or more aboveground, they can take advantage of the faster and less turbulent wind. Turbines catch the winds energy with their propeller-like blades. Usually, two or three blades are mounted on a shaft to form a rotor. A blade acts much like an airplane wing. When the wind blows, a pocket of low-pressure air forms on the downwind side of the blade. The low-pressure air pocket then pulls the blade toward it, causing the rotor to turn.   The force of the lift is much stronger than the winds force against the front side of the blade, which is called drag. The combination of lift and drag causes the rotor to spin like a propeller, and the turning shaft spins a generator to make electricity. Wind turbines can be used as stand-alone applications, or they can be connected to a utility power grid or even combined with a photovoltaic (solar cell) system. For utility-scale sources of wind energy, many wind turbines are usually built close together to form a wind plant. Several electricity providers today use wind plants to supply power to their customers.

The Art of Coffee :: essays research papers

The Art of Coffee When I began my job as a Barista at Mainline Coffee I knew next to nothing about this art. I enjoyed hanging out at coffee shops with friends, and appreciated the energy boost drinking a cup could give me; however, the sum of my knowledge appeared to be only that I knew how to brew coffee at home. I didn’t know the differences between espresso and drip brew coffee, or the differences between a cappuccino and a latte. I was ignorant of how much more went into the process of creating good quality coffee. During my first few months there I strove to learn as much about this trade as possible. Similar to any other job that I have worked at, I felt that it was my duty as a paid employee to become as fully qualified for the position as possible. An emphatic enthusiast about coffee, my manager Josh took me under his wing and began to impart his vast sum of knowledge to me. Every day I worked with him he would teach me more and more about roasting techniques, different origins of coff ee and their complex tastes, the best way to foam milk, and the correct names for specialty drinks. He worked on developing my palate for coffee by requiring me to taste each new origin we ordered and then, using coffee vernacular, describing it to the best of my ability. We would also have competitions between ourselves as to who could create the best micro-foam when frothing milk. As my knowledge of this art increased, I was excited by the potential that I was finding in coffee. I was able to experience excellent coffee and espresso, and it opened my eyes up to the fact that there was much more to coffee than the â€Å"traditional† Maxwell House, Folgers, or instant coffee could ever offer. Once roasted, coffee beans begin to oxidize, and they rapidly turn stale and bitter. Packing and refrigeration is able to slow down this process, however, it can never be prevented. Maxwell House, Folgers, and similar brands come already ground, and who knows how long they have been sitting on the shelf in the grocery store. The flavors brought out of these coffees can’t compare to the rich, smooth, and full-bodied flavors of coffee that is recently roasted and ground immediately before brewing. I had discovered something that was good, and I wanted to share my new wealth of information with other coffee drinkers like myself.

Fayol’s Principles Of Management In Mcdonalds Essay

How Far Henri Fayols Principle Of Management Is Relevant With Contemporary Public Administration stepped down as director, he published his â€Å"14 Principles of Management† in the book â€Å"Administration Industrielle et Generale.† Fayol also created a list of the six†¦ Premium Principles Of Management aspects of Egyptian life were highly organized. There were much inefficiency, Principles of Management MGT503 VU  © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 2†¦ Premium Principles Of Management of corporate governance, many of whom are now very actual and applicable. FAYOLS PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT First authority and responsibility are linked†¦ Premium Principles Of Management  new ideas, imagination and visions to the managers and the organisation. . Guide to research. Fayol’s principles of Management. . Division of work . Authority†¦ Premium Principles Of Management for any job, he should also have the concerned authority. Fayol’s principle  of management in this regard is that an efficient manager makes best possible use of his†¦ Premium Principles Of Management course presents the principles of management, emphasizing managerial functions and behavioural concepts and its practical applications in the organsation. Goals†¦ Premium Principles Of Management for any job, he should also have the concerned authority. Fayol’s principle of management in this regard is that an efficient manager makes best possible use of his†¦

Heart and Conscience in Mark Twain’s “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” Essay

Mark Twain considered his novel â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† as â€Å"a book of mine where a sound heart and a deformed conscience come into collision and conscience suffers defeat.†Ã‚   This claim is valid, as the story showed the title character in several situations wherein he was bothered by his conscience yet he chose to act according to his emotions.   Indeed, the book â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† exhibits the triumph of the heart over a conscience. In the book, there are three major instances wherein there was conflict between the heart and the conscience.   In these situations, the conflict was caused by the issue of slavery as Huck was often forced to choose between his heart and conscience when it came to matters concerning the black slave Jim. The first instance is found in Chapter XVI, when Huck was disturbed by his conscience about assisting Jim in his escape.   Huck was deeply bothered by the fact that while he was not responsible for the escape itself, he did not do anything to prevent it.   He was most concerned about Miss Watson, who was Jim’s owner.   Huck is guilty because he let her slave run away from her when she was nothing but nice to him.   In the beginning, it seemed like his conscience has won because he finally resolved to disclose Jim’s whereabouts. However, he changed his mind at the last minute.   Jim called Huck his only friend and the only white man who kept his promise.   Huck said, â€Å"I was paddling off, all in a sweat to tell on him; but when he says this, it seemed to kind of take the tuck all out of me† (Twain).   Jim’s words appealed to Huck’s emotions, and the latter’s feelings prevented him from doing what his conscience told him to do.   Hence, the heart succeeds over the conscience for the first time. The second instance again finds Huck struggling between telling others about Jim and keeping his escape a secret.   The conflict between the heart and conscience continues in Chapter XVI as Huck encounters a boat with two men in search of escaped slaves.   The men asked Huck if the man he was with was white or black. Huck clearly wanted to expose Jim as his conscience intended him to do, but he ended up lying to hide the slave.   After the men left, Huck mused: â€Å"s’pose you’d a done right and give Jim up, would you feel better than what you do now? No, says I, I’d feel bad† (Twain).   In the end, it became obvious that Huck’s decision was a result of his feelings.   He did not choose to do the right thing because he would feel bad about it.   Again, the heart prevails over the conscience. The third and last instance in Chapter XXXI proved to be the most significant, as Huck finally gave up listening to his conscience and resolved to follow his heart.   Because he had been bothered by conscience for awhile, Huck decided to do what he thought was right and write a letter telling Miss Watson of Jim’s whereabouts. After he wrote the letter, Huck thought of Jim’s kindness towards him.   As he held the paper, Huck said: â€Å"I was a-trembling, because I’d got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it† (Twain).   In the end, Huck tore up the letter and even considered liberating Jim from slavery in the future.   Huck said, â€Å"All right, then, I’ll GO to hell!† (Twain).   The conscience dictates that it was a sin to keep a slave away from its owner.   However, Huck preferred to sin and go to hell rather than betray his friend.   Thus, the heart finally wins over the conscience. In Mark Twain’s â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† there exists the conflict between the heart and the conscience.   In three instances in the story, the title character disregards his conscience by letting his emotions influence his decisions.   In the end, the heart is victorious over the conscience as Huck chose the former to dictate his actions. Work Cited Twain, Mark. â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.† The Literature Network Web Site. 1885. Jalic, Inc. 6 April 2009

Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Essay

To Kill a Mockingbird is about two kids; a brother and sister named Jem and Scout. The book actually has two stories within. The first story, about finding out about the mysterious Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley who they have heard so many rumors about. The second story about a kind, intelligent young, black man who is accused of raping Miss Mayella Ewell. In a way, these two stories are linked; they are linked by Jem and Scout. With a little advice from their father Atticus, they seem to figure out some of life’s most valuable lessons. In Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, the symbolic mockingbird is personified in the characters of Tom Robinson and Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley in the way that these characters enrich the lives of other people and require protection from those who seek to harm them. Tom Robinson displays the characteristics of the mockingbird in that he enriches the lives of others and needs protection from those who seek to harm him. Tom Robinson worked for Mr. Link Deas, who is the opposite of prejudice. He looks past racism and respects Tom’s character very much. Mr. Deas claims that Tom is a good fellow and never gets into trouble. Mr. Robinson lives a moral life. Atticus said, â€Å"He is a member of Calpurnia’s church and Cal knows his family well, she says there clean living folks.†(75) Tom enriches lives in an important way, but this way got him in trouble. Miss Mayella Ewell accuses Tom of rape. She always needs his help with chores around the house and would always call for Tom to help her. He had been doing this for quite a long time and it had never been an issue, until one time when he went to help her. Mr. Bob Ewell walked in and saw Tom in his house being kissed by his daughter and forced Mayella to accuse him of rape . Tom Robinson seeks protection because he is black and accused of rape. The story takes place during the Great Depression and racism was very big problem. This is how T... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Essay Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Essay To Kill a Mockingbird is about two kids; a brother and sister named Jem and Scout. The book actually has two stories within. The first story, about finding out about the mysterious Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley who they have heard so many rumors about. The second story about a kind, intelligent young, black man who is accused of raping Miss Mayella Ewell. In a way, these two stories are linked; they are linked by Jem and Scout. With a little advice from their father Atticus, they seem to figure out some of life’s most valuable lessons. In Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, the symbolic mockingbird is personified in the characters of Tom Robinson and Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley in the way that these characters enrich the lives of other people and require protection from those who seek to harm them. Tom Robinson displays the characteristics of the mockingbird in that he enriches the lives of others and needs protection from those who seek to harm him. Tom Robinson worked for Mr. Link Deas, who is the opposite of prejudice. He looks past racism and respects Tom’s character very much. Mr. Deas claims that Tom is a good fellow and never gets into trouble. Mr. Robinson lives a moral life. Atticus said, â€Å"He is a member of Calpurnia’s church and Cal knows his family well, she says there clean living folks.†(75) Tom enriches lives in an important way, but this way got him in trouble. Miss Mayella Ewell accuses Tom of rape. She always needs his help with chores around the house and would always call for Tom to help her. He had been doing this for quite a long time and it had never been an issue, until one time when he went to help her. Mr. Bob Ewell walked in and saw Tom in his house being kissed by his daughter and forced Mayella to accuse him of rape . Tom Robinson seeks protection because he is black and accused of rape. The story takes place during the Great Depression and racism was very big problem. This is how T...

Free Essays on The Case Of Agostino Steucco

Polishing The Papal Image In The Counter-Reformation: The Case of Agostino Steuco One of the results of the Pope’s persistence to keep a papal system intact was the branching off of Catholics into Protestants. In this article, there is an analysis of a writing by Agostino Steuco called The Two Books Against Lorenzo Valla Concerning the False Donation of Constantine, in this article it dissects the very relevance of a papal system in the Catholic church. It gives a plethora of â€Å"reasons† for why the system should remain intact. First, he states that Rome’s secular power and holdings were an integral part of the â€Å"spiritual welfare of people†. (Delph, 1992; 37) Second, the wealth of the Pope was fundamental for the church to function. Third, without the temporal power, the people would abandon their religion and begin to have an â€Å"anti-social behavior†. (Delph, 1992; 38) Fundamentally, from a humanistic understanding of human nature, Steuco believed that temporal authority of the papacy played a positive role in th e spiritual life. This article gives rise to many reasons that led to the split and formation of the Protestant religion. Steuco, with his humanistic approach defends the temporal power and processions of the papacy. He justifies this by making a point that secular power and holdings of the church played a part in the â€Å"spiritual welfare of people† (Delph, 1992; 37) He then correlates â€Å"rituals and visible signs of the sacred† (Delph, 1992; 37) necessary for worship. These socializing effects that the people enjoyed were only because of the temporal might of Rome. The argument that Steuco gave made it clear that the ornate nature of religion brought people to worship. Steuco makes a point when referring to the Old Testament as well as the New Testament in making the claim that God himself always appeared â€Å"†¦in forms that rendered him venerable and terrifying†. (Delph, 1992; 40) Steuco ... Free Essays on The Case Of Agostino Steucco Free Essays on The Case Of Agostino Steucco Polishing The Papal Image In The Counter-Reformation: The Case of Agostino Steuco One of the results of the Pope’s persistence to keep a papal system intact was the branching off of Catholics into Protestants. In this article, there is an analysis of a writing by Agostino Steuco called The Two Books Against Lorenzo Valla Concerning the False Donation of Constantine, in this article it dissects the very relevance of a papal system in the Catholic church. It gives a plethora of â€Å"reasons† for why the system should remain intact. First, he states that Rome’s secular power and holdings were an integral part of the â€Å"spiritual welfare of people†. (Delph, 1992; 37) Second, the wealth of the Pope was fundamental for the church to function. Third, without the temporal power, the people would abandon their religion and begin to have an â€Å"anti-social behavior†. (Delph, 1992; 38) Fundamentally, from a humanistic understanding of human nature, Steuco believed that temporal authority of the papacy played a positive role in th e spiritual life. This article gives rise to many reasons that led to the split and formation of the Protestant religion. Steuco, with his humanistic approach defends the temporal power and processions of the papacy. He justifies this by making a point that secular power and holdings of the church played a part in the â€Å"spiritual welfare of people† (Delph, 1992; 37) He then correlates â€Å"rituals and visible signs of the sacred† (Delph, 1992; 37) necessary for worship. These socializing effects that the people enjoyed were only because of the temporal might of Rome. The argument that Steuco gave made it clear that the ornate nature of religion brought people to worship. Steuco makes a point when referring to the Old Testament as well as the New Testament in making the claim that God himself always appeared â€Å"†¦in forms that rendered him venerable and terrifying†. (Delph, 1992; 40) Steuco ...

American Rennassance

How do the differences affect the mood of each piece? Answer: The poems â€Å"The Snow Storm† and â€Å"It Sifts from Leaden Sieves† are alike because they are both describing snow falling and the things the snow covers and how it covers it. The poems are different because Emerson never actually mentions snow but the way he words his poem you know exactly what he’s talking about. Emily Dickenson directly mentions snow so you know right from the start what she is talking about. (20 points) |Score | | | 2. Choose a poem from Whitman, and explain how it reveals Romantic thinking. Cite examples from the poem as your support. Answer: I chose â€Å"To a Stranger† by Whitman. It reveals romantic thinking because he writes, â€Å"you must be he I was seeking, or she I was seeking, (it comes to me as of a dream,). † He describes this like he was looking to find someone he had seen in a dream before. â€Å"I have somewhere surely lived a life of joy with you†, he says. Its sort of like he is describing a deja vu. Like he feels like he had live a life of joy and happiness with a person but is not really sure of it. 20 points) |Score | | | 3. Reread this quotation from near the end of â€Å"Walden Pond†: Many a forenoon have I stolen away, preferring to spend thus the most valued part of the day; for I was rich, if not in money, in sunny hours and summer days, and spent them lavishly; nor do I regret that I did not waste more of them in the workshop or the teacher’s desk. Explain this quotation. Be sure to address the â€Å"wealth† Thoreau claims, his use of that wealth, and his views of the workshop or school Answer: Basically Thoreau is saying that leisure time is a kind of wealth, something that may ultimately be more valuable than money and the material things it might buy. So he doesnt regret the time he played hooky in the middle of the day the most valued part of the day and skipped out of work or other responsible duties, because, although doing so might have prevented him from becoming richer in material goods, hes stored up a lot of experiences that he prizes higher.

Brownfield and Redevelopment in China Research Paper

Brownfield and Redevelopment in China - Research Paper Example Environmental Protection Agency). It is further defined as† a parcel of land contaminated by one or more hazardous substances, but has potential to be reused once it is cleaned up† (China Development Gateway, 14 January 2011) . In the past several years, hundreds of polluting enterprises have been relocated away from city centers in Beijing, Shenyang, Guangzhou and other large Chinese cities. As a result, a large number of abandoned industrial brownfield sites can potentially be "recycled" for contemporary urban use, appropriate to the safe levels achieved after the clean-up. These could be anywhere from abandoned factories or manufacturing plants, factories or gas stations where substances were once used. The Brownfield become an obstacle for city expansion. Aside from this, Brownfield causes environmental risks due to possible pollutants that may still be present, yet redevelopment of these sites will contribute to urban development, create jobs, and develops green spac es and working land. Seeing the importance of these properties for development, China had to ask the World Bank for assistance in developing a sustainable program of development for these areas. As an insight, the history of the problem will be presented, the types of hazardous elements and contaminants found in abandoned areas will be categorized, the actions taken by the government is shown, and the recommended solutions formulated by World Bank is presented. Brownfields started in the Great Leap Forward era of 1950s wherein many of the state-owned factories were constructed within the city perimeter. (Zhang Xian, January 22. 2011) Reports said that these factories used antiquated equipments and had improper management and inadequate environmental services. As such, there was much pollution in the area, and in some instances pollution was 100 times higher than regulations permit. Report said that some underground organic pollutants have developed into non-aqueous phase liquids, wh ich, if not dissolved in water, can be a source of new pollutants. It is also feared that contaminants can transfer in the underground water, thus leading to a widespread distribution of poison. Four types of contaminants were found in the Industrial brownfield areas, and these are: Heavy contaminated sites. These come from steel, iron and smelting plants, ore tailings . Heavy metal contaminated sites. Typical contaminants are arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and chrome. Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) contaminated sites. China produces, and widely uses, pesticides such as DDT, HCB, Chlordane and Mirex. Although certain pesticides haven’t been used for many years, some remain in the soil. New pesticide-contaminated sites continue to be discovered in China, in addition to other types of POP contaminated sites, such as PCB capacitor dismantling and burial sites. Organic contaminated sites such as petrochemical, coking etc. Substances include organic solvents, benzene and hyd rocarbons, often mixed with other contaminants such as heavy metals. Electronic waste sites. Incorrect disposal of electronic waste can affect human health. The main contaminants are heavy metals and POPs (bromination flame retardants and dioxin). Source: Xie, Jian and Li Fasheng, 2011 In the past, there was little attention given to Brownfield areas and its harmful effects because of

Personal experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal experience - Essay Example We knew that the Hessian troops were garrisoned at Trenton, across the river. We started at 6 in the evening and marched nine mile in the gathering darkness up to McConkey’s ferry. Soldiers were already being ferried across the icy river when we reached the place. It was snowing, and there were ice floes in the river. Most of us did not have proper clothes or shoes, and our muskets were sodden. . It was 3 in the morning of the 26th when finally all of us, including the artillery, crossed. General Washington watched us silently as we crossed . â€Å"We’ll take them by surprise. They must have been drinking all night†, said Lt. Munroe as we marched towards Trenton.. Half a mile from Trenton, we surprised a Hessian picket , and captured them. Just then we heard the boom of guns and knew that General Sullivan had arrived with the artillery. Lt. Munroe led us to rush the Hessian artillerists, just as they were about to fire two cannons. The Hessians fled pell-mell, not heeding their commanding officer , who was shot .We captured the entire Hessian force , except a few who escaped. I am proud to have taken part in the Battle of Trenton,. After our victory at Trenton, many recruits joined our army, and finally â€Å"the Rabble† were able to defeat the greatest power on the earth, and gain

LABOR LAWS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LABOR LAWS - Coursework Example It also compelled employers to collectively bargain on behalf of employees with unions. The Taft-Hartley Act outlawed unfair labor practices on the side of the trade unions such as wildcat strikes, jurisdictional strikes, and closed shops. The Landrum-Griffin bill dealt with the relationship between the union and its members. It provides for the reporting and disclosure of specific financial transactions and organizational practices of the labor unions and employers. The Railway Labor Act governs labor relations of employees and employers involved in the rail industry. It seeks to promote and uphold peace and order in the rail industry in order to avoid disruptions in interstate commerce. The Act imposes a duty upon all rail carriers and employees to make and maintain their agreements concerning working conditions, rates of pay, and rules. The carriers-employees relations are to be governed by written rules that are mutually agreed upon as well as binding equally on each party. In the case of a dispute, these Act mandates that representatives of the carrier and employees to be accorded equal responsibility to the dispute and hold meetings in an effort of settling the dispute. Also, the disputing parties should designate or choose their representatives without influence, interference or coercion to do so by either party. These representatives of both parties have an obligation to confer in respect of settling the dispute. Though these personal re presentatives, the Act guarantees employees the right to organize collectively and bargain. Further, it forbids carriers to sign any agreement or contract promising employees to join or not to join any labor organization. Each party has an obligation to give the other party a notice of at least 30 days of the desired change in working conditions, rules or rates of pay embodied in the contract. However, the carrier has no right to alter any part of the agreement

Aspects of Contract & Negligence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Aspects of Contract & Negligence - Assignment Example 1). For example, a contractor agrees to construct a building on a specific site for the site owner within a particular timeframe and pursuant to detailed specifications in consideration of a specific price to paid by the site owner. In ordinary circumstances this would be a gratuitous exchange of promises. However, since the parties (site owner and contractor) intend to create legal relations, the agreement is a contract and therefore the voluntary undertakings and promises become legal obligations under the law (Koffman and MacDonald, p. 1). For instance, if the contractor fails to construct the building within the specific timeframe, the site owner has a right to sue the contractor for a breach of contract and can seek compensatory damages for the same. Likewise, if the contractor lives up to his or her undertakings and promises and the site owner fails to pay the promised price for the same, the contractor can sue the site owner for breach of contract and may seek compensatory dam ages as well. In a typical case, the parties to a contract will expressly state or write out the terms of the contract. In this regard, each of the parties’ undertakings and promises will be articulated. The parties will then have a legal obligation to abide by those express terms (Ashcroft and Ashcroft, p. 50). The express terms of a contract will often have an impact on other persons who are not parties to the contract, although the right to enforce the express terms of a contract will only be applicable to the parties who have formed the contract and negotiated its terms and conditions (Ashcroft and Ashcroft, p. 51). The impact on other parties not parties to the contract can arise in specifically defined circumstances. For example a contract for a contractor to install doors and windows in a dwelling house for a site owner who leases the house to tenants will impact the tenants. In the installation of windows and doors, the tenants will be subjected to disruptions and int erruptions in their daily lives as the construction takes place. Therefore if for some reason either the contractor or the site owner delays the installation of the doors and windows, the tenants will be disadvantaged. Therefore in an action for breach of contract on the part of the contractor, the site owner may be entitled to claim additional damages for having to compensate the tenants either by a reduction in rent or a temporary relocation as a result of the delay. Therefore, although privity of contract only means that only the parties to the contract are bound by the specific terms and conditions in the contract, the impact of breaching those terms and conditions on third parties may increase the obligations of the parties to the contract (Koffman and MacDonald, p. 476). In the example provided (a contract for installing doors and windows), the contractor will also have to rely on other parties to ensure that he or she lives up to her specific terms and conditions. For example , the contractor will have to order doors and windows and will also have to enter into a contract for the delivery of the windows and doors. Therefore, two other contracts will come into play under the main contract and any breaches of these incidental contracts can impact the contractor’s ability to live up to the terms and conditions of the main contract (Koffman and MacDonald, p. 477). Therefore, if the windows and doors are not delivered on time, the contractor may be in breach of the contract with the site owner and in an action

Sherlok Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sherlok - Essay Example Jams Watson, I feel taken a back into the 19th century, which I believe had the most intelligent human beings. Holmes’ intelligence is intertwined in his epic stoicism, sharp humour and encyclopaedic memory. I would like to focus on the plot because; the development of this story is boring. It is until one reads a number of the adventures that, the flow is realized. Holmes’s character and purpose in the adventures is realized when connecting the themes of all the Adventures and this is the sole reason of focusing on the plot of this piece of literary work. The part, when a helpless client enters to explain his mind on the determination of his case by the police. The presence of both the narrator and Holmes in the house and the subsequent events, that saw the narrator express his feeling of elucidating the most singular case, is a critical section in describing the narrator. It indicates his thinking ability, royalty and sincerity. I will like to talk about the time or periods, when the two primary characters carry out investigation of a case and take pleasure after work well done. For the case of investigation, I enjoy following Holmes apt investigative skills and the skilful ultimate interpretation (Arthur, 19). The second experience, the two characters enjoy by drinking and smoking. This indicates the other side of the two characters during leisure time. They do all sorts of things in a bid to enjoy themselves. The first experience benefits me, particularly when trying to imagine Holmes’ natural skills of investigation and solving cases (Arthur, 25). On the other hand, the second experience did not benefit me because of the reckless drinking and smoking, which indicates the bad side of the two

LABOR LAWS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LABOR LAWS - Coursework Example It also compelled employers to collectively bargain on behalf of employees with unions. The Taft-Hartley Act outlawed unfair labor practices on the side of the trade unions such as wildcat strikes, jurisdictional strikes, and closed shops. The Landrum-Griffin bill dealt with the relationship between the union and its members. It provides for the reporting and disclosure of specific financial transactions and organizational practices of the labor unions and employers. The Railway Labor Act governs labor relations of employees and employers involved in the rail industry. It seeks to promote and uphold peace and order in the rail industry in order to avoid disruptions in interstate commerce. The Act imposes a duty upon all rail carriers and employees to make and maintain their agreements concerning working conditions, rates of pay, and rules. The carriers-employees relations are to be governed by written rules that are mutually agreed upon as well as binding equally on each party. In the case of a dispute, these Act mandates that representatives of the carrier and employees to be accorded equal responsibility to the dispute and hold meetings in an effort of settling the dispute. Also, the disputing parties should designate or choose their representatives without influence, interference or coercion to do so by either party. These representatives of both parties have an obligation to confer in respect of settling the dispute. Though these personal re presentatives, the Act guarantees employees the right to organize collectively and bargain. Further, it forbids carriers to sign any agreement or contract promising employees to join or not to join any labor organization. Each party has an obligation to give the other party a notice of at least 30 days of the desired change in working conditions, rules or rates of pay embodied in the contract. However, the carrier has no right to alter any part of the agreement

Sherlok Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sherlok - Essay Example Jams Watson, I feel taken a back into the 19th century, which I believe had the most intelligent human beings. Holmes’ intelligence is intertwined in his epic stoicism, sharp humour and encyclopaedic memory. I would like to focus on the plot because; the development of this story is boring. It is until one reads a number of the adventures that, the flow is realized. Holmes’s character and purpose in the adventures is realized when connecting the themes of all the Adventures and this is the sole reason of focusing on the plot of this piece of literary work. The part, when a helpless client enters to explain his mind on the determination of his case by the police. The presence of both the narrator and Holmes in the house and the subsequent events, that saw the narrator express his feeling of elucidating the most singular case, is a critical section in describing the narrator. It indicates his thinking ability, royalty and sincerity. I will like to talk about the time or periods, when the two primary characters carry out investigation of a case and take pleasure after work well done. For the case of investigation, I enjoy following Holmes apt investigative skills and the skilful ultimate interpretation (Arthur, 19). The second experience, the two characters enjoy by drinking and smoking. This indicates the other side of the two characters during leisure time. They do all sorts of things in a bid to enjoy themselves. The first experience benefits me, particularly when trying to imagine Holmes’ natural skills of investigation and solving cases (Arthur, 25). On the other hand, the second experience did not benefit me because of the reckless drinking and smoking, which indicates the bad side of the two

Why Do Many People Choose to Illegally Download Music Essay Example for Free

Why Do Many People Choose to Illegally Download Music Essay Maybe it is all to do with the possibility at each one of us has purchased and album or a c.d. in the past with high expectations of it being all great, only to be completely let down and left un-impressed with your latest  £15 Investment which you and i both believe that is worth much less . Maybe then â€Å"steeling† that artists next album by downloading it for free from many different sources scattered across the internet is your way of letting them know of your frustration. If you dont like it , you have no loss i guess ! Should we be paying for music, still? The more I think about it, the more I question it all. But there is one thing I don’t question, as it is fact: when I get music and don’t pay for it, nobody but myself benefits. I am the only one coming out ahead. Ive paid nothing for what i have got. I’ve acquired something for nothing. Did I just steal? Is it stealing if I can justify to myself that it isn’t? Is stealing even wrong anymore? In this moderen day and age looking through the iPods of others i am fully aware that i am definatly not the only one that is not paying for the music that i have on my computer, does this mean that we are all criminals? But first, I’ll explain to you that I didn’t always purchase music. I’m sure you all remember The Pirate Bay. There were many other bit torrent sites avaiable at the time , however this is the one that has been brought to the publics attention over the past few years due to its founders being sent to court and charged millions in costs and left them facing a jail sentence. This site, as you all know, allowed people to download music for free. Well, as a teenager with little spare cash to actually buy albums, I just went ahead and downloaded and basically â€Å"stole† hundreds of songs for free. Aside from the personal benefits of purchasing music, I do it to support the artists that make it for me to enjoy. I’d like to think that if I poured my heart and soul into something, they’d return the favor by spending some money on it. It’s a sign of respect and gratitude. If I enjoy an artist’s music, why wouldn’t I purchase an album to support them so they can continue to make more music? Having said all this, I mentioned that I still download free music on occasion, and this is not something I’m ashamed of. The offering of â€Å"free music downloads† is a relatively new marketing technique first popularly attempted by Radio-head back in 2007 when they self-released their album In Rainbows online for a â€Å"pay what you want† price. Since then,  many musicians have adopted this marketing technique under the premise that if you allow people to pay a price of their choosing—even if it is zero dollars—more people will pay something for your album than if you have a higher, set price. There are many other examples and variations of this â€Å"free music† regime, including iTunes’ free Single of the Week, along with Starbucks offering a free iTunes download each week, as well. Several online artist friendly sites such as amazon.com have emerged, giving artists control over how much they wish to charge their listeners for their music, or if they want to charge them anything at all. This is all well and good, but it still begs the question of why we should pay for music, especially since some artists are willing to literally give it away? I read recently stated that musicians should no longer feel entitled to be compensated for their music. The argument to support this claim explained that nowadays, one can simply record a whole album on one’s computer avoiding the high costs of producers, recording studios, and mixing and mastering engineers. I think my point is clear: if we don’t invest in the arts by way of purchasing music, we will eventually extinguish the option of even listening to it. There’s only so long that musicians will be able to make quality music for the masses without being compensated or receiving funding for it. Thanks to the Apple’s revolutionary iTunes store, as well as sites like Amazon.com, this is no longer valid. All these sites allow you to purchase an artist’s single for between  £0.89  £1.00 per song. You no longer need to pay for a whole album to get those one, two, three songs you want and the ones that you like. This new format of purchasing music has also inspired bands to write and record better albums, as they can no longer rely on one radio single to sell their whole album when people can sample the thing on the internet and realize the rest of it isn’t any good. It’s a win for the artists and maybe even more-so for the fans. With all of the options these days for sampling and purchasing music that are both artist- and listener-friendly, it still surprises me how many people still aren’t willing to pay for music. I know that we all struggle with finances as students, and can understand that money is in short supply for many of us, so paying for something you can get for free doesn’t make a ton of sense; I just hope that if you are saving your money right now by not  paying for music, you’ll remember this and not hesitate to throw a abit of money in the way of the artist that have spent their own time, money and energy creating music for all of us to enjoy.

Introduction to Tort Law, Negligence

Introduction to Tort Law, Negligence Law is a system of rules created by the government in order to regulate and protect the society. Law is highly important to protect the rights of every member of the society from being harmed by others or even by themselves. The first case under analysis is related to Phil, who is a freelance airline catering truck driver and is being prosecuted for carelessly knocking down Colin while waiting at a set of traffic lights on the perimeter road of Heathrow Airport. On turning left at the lights Phil knocked down Colin, who sustained a broken collar bone, a broken leg and serious head injuries. Hilary, Colin’s wife, who was supposed to meet Colin at the traffic lights, witnessed the accident and suffered a nervous shock as a result. The other case refers to Ralf, a health and safety officer, who was visiting one of XYZ plc construction sites when was hit by a digger which Alex moved in order to get it out of the way of his truck. As a result, Ralf sustained two fractured ribs. Thi s assignment will have an analysis on both cases along with the claims that plaintiffs are able to bring and recommendations for the same. The modern tort of negligence has begun with the case of Donghue v Stevenson (1932). Negligence refers to conduct that falls below the standards established by law for the protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm. A person has acted negligently if he or she has departed from the conduct expected of a reasonable person acting under similar circumstances. Colin v Phil (2015) The parties in this case are Colin, who is the plaintiff, and Phil, who is the defendant. This case between Colin and Phil is a Tort of Negligence issue, under the civil law, as there is a breach of duty owed by the defendant to the plaintiff, resulting in damages to the plaintiff. Tort is a wrongdoing that results in injury to another person or damage to property. Cyclists, as legitimate road users, must follow all highway laws, and as they are especially vulnerable, should take extra care while at the highways. Trucks make wide turns and Colin should have been more cautious and waited behind the truck until Phil has completed the manoeuvre as the rear wheels come very close to the pavement while turning. At the time of the accident, Colin was wearing head phones, listening to an earlier â€Å"Legislative Frameworks† lecture, which is not considered illegal, however, it is unsafe as it reduces the individual’s concentration drastically. The rule 73 of the UK Highway Code states that â€Å"cyclists should pay particular attention to long vehicles which need more room than usual to manoeuvre at corners. Truck drivers may not see the cyclists. They may have to move over to the right before turning left. Cyclists should wait until the trucks have completed the manoeuvre as the rear wheels come very close to the kerb while turning. T he space between the long vehicles and the kerb should not be a temptation to cyclists†. Probably, if Colin was not wearing head phones, could have avoided this accident. Phil owed a duty of care towards Colin, therefore, the defendant is in breach of duty when fails to see Colin before turning left. Breach of duty occurs where a defendant falls below the standard of a reasonable person, in other words, he acted carelessly. Colin should be able to bring a claim against Phil due to his negligence driving – see Clenshaw V Tanner (2002). In order for Colin’s claim of tortuous liability to be succeed, primarily, certain fundamental factors need to be proved: i) the existence of a duty of care owed Phil to Colin; ii) Phil’s duty has been breached or broken; iii) the breach of duty resulted in Colin’s damage or injury. However, based upon Garatt v Saxby (2004), Phil may be able to reduce his damages if he proves that Colin’s negligence cycling has contributed to the accident by wearing head phones while cycling and standing on the nearside of his truck while waiting at the traffic lights – see Froom v Butcher 1976. Hilary v Phil (2015) In English law, claims for nervous shock are related to psychiatric injury or illness as a result of seeing or hearing an event caused by a negligent breach of duty. The leading case of Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire (1992), defines the primary and secondary victims and the requirements to be met by the latter. The secondary victim has to meet to be eligible to bring a claim, which is in addition to be owed a duty of care by the defendant. A claim for nervous shock is likely to be arise when an individual witnesses an accident in which a relative is injured. In order to succeed in a claim for psychiatric harm against Phil, Hilary will have to prove that she has a close tie and affection towards Colin, witnessed the accident with her own senses and proximity to the event and that her psychiatric illness was caused by it. Hilary witnessed her own husband Colin being severely injured when he collided with Phil’s truck at the lights, where was supposed to meet him. Th erefore, based upon Kelly v Hennessy (1995), Hilary would be able to bring a claim against Phil as she suffered a recognisable psychiatric illness caused by the defendant’s act. The parties in this case are Ralf, who is the plaintiff, Alex and XYZ plc, who are the defendants. This case between Ralf, Alex and XYZ plc is also a Tort of Negligence issue, under the civil law, as there is a breach of duty of care owed by the defendants towards the plaintiff, resulting in damages to the plaintiff. Ralf v Alex (2015) Every employees who work in construction sites have to be aware how dangerous their jobs may be in their workplaces. It is extremely important to make sure that every worker takes the all the precautions and wear safety equipment and follow all the safety rules while on site. Also, the employers and main contractors on duty have the obligation to provide a safe workplace and system of work. According to leighday.co.uk, 2 million people are currently employed in the construction industry, which represents only 5% of the employees in Britain, however, 22% of fatal accidents are related to this industry. Ralf sustained two fractured ribs as a result of being carelessly hit by a digger, which Alex was moving in order to get it out of the way of his truck. Alex, as a responsible construction employee, should be aware of the safety rules within construction sites and his prohibition of driving any vehicle on site, except his truck. Also, it is important to highlight that Alex was returning late from his lunch break at the time of the accident. Therefore, Ralph should be able to bring a claim against Alex due to his breach of duty, negligence driving and breach of contract, which led to causation, two broken ribs – see Donoghue v Stevenson 1932. Based upon Hadley v Baxendale (1854), breach of contract occurs when there is a failure to adhere to the terms of a valid contract. Ralf v XYZ plc (2015) As was already mentioned above, constructions sites are extremely dangerous environments, however, the employers or main contractors on site have the obligation to ensure the safety of any employees, contractors or visitors to the site in order to minimise any possible dangers. Ralf should be entitled to claim a compensation from XYZ plc to pay the medical treatments and cover the financial pressures from being unable to work, as the employers or main contractors on site have not done everything they could to stop him from being injured by Alex. Based upon Doughty v Turner Manufacturing Company(1964), this is an example of breach of duty of care as XYZ plc failed to provide a duty of care towards Ralph, resulting in damage on the safety officer. The supervisors on duty should be aware of what Alex was about to do and have stopped him. Duty of care is an obligation recognized by law requiring a person to conform to a certain standard of conduct for the protection of others. Finally, this assignment has provided an analysis of two cases. The first case is about Phil, a truck driver who is facing legal issues for carelessly knocking down Colin, a cyclist, at the perimeter road of Heathrow Airport, causing him serious injurious. As a result, Hilary (Colin’s wife who was supposed to meet her husband at the traffic lights), witnessed the accident and sustained a nervous shock as a result. The second case relates to Ralph, a health and safety officer, who was hit by Alex, a construction worker who is also facing legal issues for moving a digger in order to get it out of the way of his truck. As a result, Ralf has sustained two broken ribs. Along with the analysis, the assignment also provides a recommendation on both cases in order for the claims to succeed. 1520 Words References Hodge, S. (2004) Tort LAW, Devon: Willan Publishing Stone, R. (2008). The modern law of contract. London: Routledge-Cavendish. Harvey, B. and Marston, J. (2009). Cases and commentary on tort. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Elliot, E. and Quinn, F (2005) Tort Law. 5th ed. Essex. Pearson Education Ltd. Cooke, J. (2005),Law of Tort, 7thEdition.Pearson: Essex. vLex, (2015).Garratt v Saxby, Court of Appeal Civil Division, February 18, 2004, [2004] EWCA Civ 341,[2004] 1 WLR 2152 Case Law VLEX 52571340. [online] Available at: http://court-appeal.vlex.co.uk/vid/-52571340 [Accessed 6 May 2015] Leighday.co.uk, (2015).Construction industry accident claims | construction site compensation | leighday.co.uk. [online] Available at: http://www.leighday.co.uk/Illness-and-injury/Accident-and-personal-injury/Construction-industry-accident-claims [Accessed 6 May 2015]. Lawteacher.net, (2015).What is nervous shock? | Law Teacher. [online] Available at: http://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/common-law/what-is-nervous-shock.php [Accessed 6 May 2015] Findlaw, (2015).Bicycle Accidents FindLaw. [online] Available at: http://injury.findlaw.com/car-accidents/bicycle-accidents.html [Accessed 6 May 2015] Irwin Mitchell, (2015).Construction Accident Compensation Claims | Irwin Mitchell. [online] Available at: http://www.irwinmitchell.com/personal/personal-injury-compensation/work-accident-illness-compensation-claims/construction-industry-accident-claims [Accessed 6 May 2015]

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - The Para

A Paradox: Oedipus's Free will in the Play Oedipus Rex William Shakespeare once wrote, "Who can control his fate?" (Othello, Act v, Sc.2).  A hero and leader must acknowledge above all else his honor, and the pride of his image.   In ancient Greek beliefs, a hero was a man who stood taller than the rest; he was able to better any conflict.   He did this not for himself or for any token award that may be given to him, but for the security of his fellow man.   Physical strength and superior wit are the two major characteristics of a hero.   These characteristics may be destined; but the use of them to help his fellow man is will.   Sophocles's short play Oedipus Rex is a tale of a hero's ascent to King and tragic fall.   The young Prince Oedipus leaves his home in Corinth and arrives at Thebes, only to find that the town is cursed by the Sphinx.   After solving the riddle given by the Sphinx, the blight is lifted, and the town declares Oedipus as their new leader and King.   After a long rein Oedipus's ruling comes to a h eartrending fall.   Through his journey, we as readers are able to see the perils and obstacles facing the hero.   Yet we are never sure if the voyage was predetermined by the gods, or whether Oedipus alone is responsible for his actions?   Greek beliefs show Oedipus's realization of the truth and horrific blinding can be thought as a direct consequence of his actions taken from free will. Oedipus is a hero.   Oedipus makes an unaided choice to follow his destiny, (A destiny that he imagined for himself) to become a man that has no fear and will pursue justice at any cost.   The choices made by Oedipus makes him a touching character and not merely a puppet of the gods.   This can be more clearly seen in the quote of Oedi... ...egardless he pays no attention and hard-headily continues his investigation. My own good Snaps my patience, then; I want none of it. (55) From the above quotes and text it may be projected that indeed Oedipus was a man of free will.   To conclude, the life and path of Oedipus can be looked at as his own.   His intensions and thoughts throughout the entire play were nothing but pure. My old lacrosse coach, a man that has been through what seems the worst in life once said,"10% of life is given to us, and 90% is what we do with it."   Oedipus was a hero and had the ability to carve his own trail, though his persona of the hero made it easy to fall into many of the traps he fell in to.   Regardless, to look Oedipus's life as a predetermined story demoralizes the morals and heart of this play. The greatest griefs are those we cause ourselves (Oedipus Rex Pg. 65) Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - The Para A Paradox: Oedipus's Free will in the Play Oedipus Rex William Shakespeare once wrote, "Who can control his fate?" (Othello, Act v, Sc.2).  A hero and leader must acknowledge above all else his honor, and the pride of his image.   In ancient Greek beliefs, a hero was a man who stood taller than the rest; he was able to better any conflict.   He did this not for himself or for any token award that may be given to him, but for the security of his fellow man.   Physical strength and superior wit are the two major characteristics of a hero.   These characteristics may be destined; but the use of them to help his fellow man is will.   Sophocles's short play Oedipus Rex is a tale of a hero's ascent to King and tragic fall.   The young Prince Oedipus leaves his home in Corinth and arrives at Thebes, only to find that the town is cursed by the Sphinx.   After solving the riddle given by the Sphinx, the blight is lifted, and the town declares Oedipus as their new leader and King.   After a long rein Oedipus's ruling comes to a h eartrending fall.   Through his journey, we as readers are able to see the perils and obstacles facing the hero.   Yet we are never sure if the voyage was predetermined by the gods, or whether Oedipus alone is responsible for his actions?   Greek beliefs show Oedipus's realization of the truth and horrific blinding can be thought as a direct consequence of his actions taken from free will. Oedipus is a hero.   Oedipus makes an unaided choice to follow his destiny, (A destiny that he imagined for himself) to become a man that has no fear and will pursue justice at any cost.   The choices made by Oedipus makes him a touching character and not merely a puppet of the gods.   This can be more clearly seen in the quote of Oedi... ...egardless he pays no attention and hard-headily continues his investigation. My own good Snaps my patience, then; I want none of it. (55) From the above quotes and text it may be projected that indeed Oedipus was a man of free will.   To conclude, the life and path of Oedipus can be looked at as his own.   His intensions and thoughts throughout the entire play were nothing but pure. My old lacrosse coach, a man that has been through what seems the worst in life once said,"10% of life is given to us, and 90% is what we do with it."   Oedipus was a hero and had the ability to carve his own trail, though his persona of the hero made it easy to fall into many of the traps he fell in to.   Regardless, to look Oedipus's life as a predetermined story demoralizes the morals and heart of this play. The greatest griefs are those we cause ourselves (Oedipus Rex Pg. 65)

Essay --

The task of defining what a religion is, is certainly not an easy task. For countless millennia mankind has worshipped a pantheon of deities whether that is the Sun as seen within ancient Aztec culture or whether that is the God of the Hebrews. Therefore a definition of what is Religion must be accessible and far encompassing as it seems it must address a myriad of beliefs which differ in scope. The three definitions I have chosen in order to analyse focus primarily on the nature of the Belief within a religion. For example Marx saw Religion as a means of enslavement in order to maintain the status quo through the impartiality of an ideology which maintained absolute equilibrium leading to stagnation and thus a lack of change. Thus the belief in a religion is simply the reaction of the oppressed to offer them a shade of comfort in a â€Å"heartless world.† Tylor focused upon the notion of belief as defining religion, in that Religion itself is formulated by primitive man expla ining what he did not understand by giving all things Anima`s to explain what they could not understand. He claims belief in spiritual beings to be Animism and that mankind has carried the resultant ignorance. Feuerbach`s definition is certainly thought-provoking as his definition of God being a construct of Man, rather than traditional vice versa. Feuerbach as with Tylor and Marx, focus on the nature of belief within religion, I have chosen this as I would prefer to focus upon the belief of religion, rather than the practice due in part to Freud’s insistence the practice of religion is a neurosis which has spread through the generations, and also as I would prefer to be able to make comparisons between the three definitions with the nature of belief being a funda... ... primitive man could not understand, and as such are of the result of the ignorance of early society. Tylor therefore argues that the idea of a belief in a God or Gods is the result of the â€Å"survival† Religion surviving, Tylor claims that Religious survival is due to some being guilty of limiting and relying on an outdated custom whilst science can explain away such phenomena away. This explanation is difficult to categorise, as it is certainly a sociological explanation, as well being anthropological and psychological. Studies analysed by Keleman have identified that children seem to identify some objects in a similar method of Tylor`s animism in that things are given morality – positive or negative based on the likelihood of causing harm to the child. This could be evidence supporting Tylor`s argument that through knowledge such things become more than good or bad.

Fingerprint Analysis

I chose two glasses for this project. I chose a tall, green stained glass and then a short clear glass. I washed my hands thoroughly before attempting the project, and scrubbed my sink. I then put my fingerprints all over both glasses. I filled my sink with cold water, and then submerged my two glasses into the water for 4 hours. I took the glasses out, and saw that the fingerprints were still on the glasses!! I was extremely shocked at this finding because, I surely though that the water would eliminate the fingerprints. Hot water- I filled up a sink full of hot clean water, and sat both glasses in the sink for 4 hours, I drained the water and checked the glasses. There was STILL fingerprints on the glasses!!! I am in shock, once again! I surely thought since the cold water didn’t remove the fingerprints, that the hot water would remove the fingerprints. Soapy Water- I filled up a sink full of soapy water, and placed the two glasses into the sink and left them over night. After cooking breakfast, I checked on the glasses. I drained the water and carefully took the glasses out by the bottom so I wouldn’t get fingerprints on the glass. I examined the stained glass first, I did not see any fingerprints visually! However, when I examined the small clear glass I saw two fingerprints left on the glass. But most of the others have disappeared. So now, I am leaving new fingerprints all over the glass to do the last activity. Salt Water- After placing the two glasses into the salt water for 5 hours I examined them, and they both still had fingerprints all over the glasses. Now, I would like to test this again with more salt in the future to see if I use more salt, would it eliminate the prints.

Research Choose

Service organization and with reference to published case studies and any other relevant articles (such as from magazines, newspapers, and industrial reports), critically analyse the failures of service performance that were committed. Using the service quality gap model, identify the possible reason or reasons leading to such failures and give recommendations on how these failures can be minimised. You are also require to evaluate the usefulness of the service quality gap model as a tool in helping managers to effectively deliver value to their customers in comparison with other frameworks learnt in class.Question 2: Value Chain Process Select ONE (1) company from the manufacturing industry andusing the value chain analysis, critically analyse the salient aactivity or activities that help the chosen companies to achieve competitive advantage in creating and delivering customer value. Then analyse how the aactivity or activities that are responsible in providing the companies with co mpetitive advantage in creating and delivering customer value can affect and are dependent on other activities within the value chain.Support your answer with reference to case studies, articles and information of the chosen companies’ operation and strategic practice. Your answer should also be supported by diagrams of value chain that can effectively illustrate the specific activities of the chosen companies. Avoid using a generic value chain diagram. requirement The assignment must adhere to standard academic documentation standards. (Failure to do so will result in loss of marks in the Format, Citations and References criterion. ) * You are to write the citations and references following the Harvard System. You are required to use Times New Roman as the font type and 12 pts as the font size. * Vertical/line spacing should be 1. 5line spacing

Atomic Bomb Essay Conclusion Example For Students

Atomic Bomb Essay Conclusion The atomic bomb ended a war of massive death and destruction, but began what is now known as the Atomic Age. At the time of the disasters in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the bomb appeared as a promise of peace to the entire world. It had ended a costly and gruesome war, beginning a time of peace. Compared to the technology of 1945, the atomic bomb looked too powerful and unethical ever to be used again. It was seen as the weapon that would put an end to war. In Keith Eubanks The Bomb, he shows the development of power and the increasing threat to the United States from other nations that might be building a weapon of mass destruction; moreover, he shows the responsibility of dropping such a bomb. The development of the atomic bomb, although slow at first, quickly sped up as more research proved it a significant weapon. At the beginning, the U.S. didnt think developing a weapon could contribute to defense. Consequently, after quick research from scientists and the realization that the war would be a technical one in which the U.S. was unprepared, Americans came to the conclusion that better relations had to be created between science, technology and the American government (p. 8). The government soon realized that the bomb was likely to have a decisive result in the war. Roosevelt immediately gave orders to determine if a bomb was possible. When he found out the news, the national defense demanded urgent development and more research. The United States undertook the development of the atomic bomb not only because it may prove useful, but also because it thought other scientists were doing the same. After testing the bomb, the U.S. realized the significant role the weapon would play in the war. In addition, President Truman learned that the bomb might well put (the U.S.) in a position to dictate our own terms at the end of the war (p. 49). Truman, to the opposition of some, decided that the Japanese would receive no warning about the bomb. Many would argue Japan was largely responsible for their own destruction. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the war in the Pacific was fully underway. An aggressive expansion policy forced the United States invasion. However, this invasion would mean severe casualties of tens of thousands of U.S. soldiers alone. After American casualties reached into the thousands in Japan, the U.S. could not afford to lose more lives. It seemed as if the only solution to save American lives and stop further Japanese expansion was to drop an atomic bomb. After the Big Three conference at Potsdam on July 16, 1945, a warning was issued to Japan in the form of the Potsdam Declaration: to surrender unconditionally or face prompt and utter d estruction. An unconditional surrender, to Japan, meant humiliation to the ancient warrior tradition and the Emperor. Therefore, on July 29, 1945, the Japanese rejected the Potsdam Declaration and every man, woman, and child prepared to fight to death if that is what it would take and it did. They saw the declaration as propaganda, which would play on the public opinion of Americans. They soon learned that action would be taken. They wanted to wait until the Soviet Union mediated in the conflict, so Japan told its people to ignore the declaration. However, when the Soviet Union joined the Allies, Japan knew it was in trouble. Only a change in the weather could save the lives of Japanese now. On August 6, 1945, the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, and a few days later one was dropped on Nagasaki. Nevertheless, the time has come when we must bear the unbearable (p. 87): A quote that sums up not only Japans feelings but Americans feelings as well. It was the only way the United States knew how to end a war that had killed many of its own men. READ: Martin luther king jr. EssayIndeed, Eubanks exemplifies that Germany had already begun research on atomic energy. The Manhattan Project, which built plants for production of the atomic bomb, helped to set up a centralized lab to get everyone working on the bomb together. This step was vital for the U.S. in constructing this weapon. German scientists had begun research on nuclear physics around the same time as Americans. German scientists, unlike Americans however, lacked leadership, drive, listening skills and trust. In fact, Hitler thought of nuclear research as Jewish physics. Furthermore, Hitler didnt want to use funds on something that he had not had to use. Conventional weapons had worked just fine for the German army up to this point. But when Germans learned of the importance of uranium and heavy water, they started massive production of the water and had it delivered to them. When British intelligence found out about the production of the heavy water, they destroyed t he plant. This loss of heavy water played a major role in wrecking Germans hopes for the atomic bomb. Officers of Alsos (the allied effort to find out about German atomic bomb developments) found out later that German research activities had not gotten much beyond the research and development stage. Given the necessary time and resources, however, the Germans wouldve probably succeeded (p. 45). Nevertheless, Eubanks illustrates that the Soviet Union got much further than the research and development of Germany. Like Germany, Russians didnt want to spare the funds at the beginning for massive development and research of atomic energy. The Soviet Union development of the atomic bomb was small in comparison with the United States, but after learning of tests and the dropping of the bombs on Japan, the Russians changed their policy. They could not stand back and let the U.S. take over the world as they saw it. Joseph Stalin knew of the atomic bomb through secret operations, but he didnt realize the importance of the weapon until it was used. By dropping the bombs, the U.S. demonstrated not only the possession of atomic weapons, but also the willingness to use them. Moreover, the weapon shocked Soviet leaders because it reduced the value of the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany (p. 110). Therefore, Stalin ordered a crash program to develop the weapon as quickly as possible to show that the United States was not superior to the world. Stalin realized that the atomic bomb had become the symbol of technological strength as a superpower. In fact, between 1949 and 1953, the Soviet Union had tested four atomic weapons, launching and intensifying what was known as the Cold War. As the atomic bomb ended war, it began a new age, creating new philosophies on human existence, technology and society. Socially, the grief from the destruction of the atomic bomb was immeasurable- it expanded outside the borders of Japan to the hearts of the entire world. Not only did grief exist, but the atomic bomb also laid guilt on some citizens of the United States for the destruction of so many lives. At the time of the war, Americans hatred of the Japanese was so strong that they wanted to see the bomb dropped. In fact, they wouldve liked to see more bombs dropped to prove that the United States would not give up. In retrospect, the bombs today are criticized by some as being an unfair loss of life to the Japanese.The atomic bomb, however, wouldve eventually been used by another country if they had the technology. Overall, the United States had the money, power and weaponry to undertake such a project. Regardless, the atomic bomb may have killed thousands, but it saved millio ns. Today, we face similar problems with the situation in Iraq and Saddam Husseins lack of cooperation with arms inspectors. If hes holding nuclear or thermonuclear weapons, it can only be hoped that we are ready for another war.The atomic bomb forever changed the rules of war. It is a weapon so powerful it can annihilate the enemy, a weapon that can destroy humanity itself. The people who built this weapon hoped that they had invented a weapon that would put an end to war. They hoped this new weapon was so awful, so terrifying and so destructive that it would never be used again. We may soon see if that is true. Bibliography:Reference:Dick Geary. Hitler and Nazism. London: Routledge, 1993.

Multinational Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Multinational Human Resource Management - Essay Example However, many HR managers in multinational companies face complex issues in business operation because culture changes from one business environment to another. One of the cultural frameworks that remain widely used across the global is Hofstede’s cultural framework. This framework is significant for multinational companies, but it also creates complex issues to managers in the process of policy implementations and practices. Culture impacts the role of HR managers when they attempt to address the issue of cultural differences on HR system change. 3Ghemawat and Reiche argue that the greater cultural distances among host and home companies, the complexity in the change process. Many companies employ the approach of Hofstede of national cultural differences, which include power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty and Confucian dynamism in establishing a relationship and various outcomes. Managers use high performance work system practices in relation to Hofstede cu ltural dimensions in various ways in order to create organizational transformation. However, the national cultural differences vary from one country to another; hence, they impact effective organizational performance from multinational companies. The legal and regulatory environment varies from one state to another in which these multinational companies are situated. Labor union is one of the institutional factors that impact beliefs and organizational norms within the associate companies. Many countries have varied laws that protect employees who participate in unions in order to support employment stability and compensation practices. For instance,... This paper stresses that foreign corporations seeking to execute policies and practices of western management approaches often face diverse personal issues . This results due to a different context of institutional regulations and cultural aspects where companies operate. Companies employ conceptual framework that emphasizes on HR management practices and the main issue related to adaptation of diverse policies at the national context. For instance, China is one of the countries that face varied issues in an attempt of using western managerial approach especially in recruiting are training employees with suitable or professional qualifications. Companies in varied nations differ with respect to their human resource management policies and practices. This essay makes a conclusion that cultural difference is one of the critical elements that have restricted HR managers in multinational companies from achieving their stated objectives. They force multinational companies to alter their trade practices and strategies in environment they operate. Labor union is one of the institutional factors that impact beliefs and organizational norms within the associate companies. The determinant of human resource transfer by multinational companies is high rooted to a larger extent in current institutional theory. Managerial values, leadership roles and managerial behaviors vary across nation cultures and institutions; thus, they can impact the performance for multinational companies.

Gender Segregation In The Education System Research Paper

Gender Segregation In The Education System - Research Paper Example Single-sex schooling has characterized private education for decades. However, the amendment of Title IX by the Department of Education in 2004 effectively allowed for public schools to pursue gender segregation either in entire schools or classes. In 2006, single sex schools were formally legalized and even incentives provided for public schools to transform into single sex schools instead of just providing single sex classes within coeducation schools. The advent and legalization of single sex schools was mainly as a response to concerns from certain sections of the society that coeducation was promoting gender inequity in education. Some of the main concerns include the observation that coeducation schools were responsible for education stereotypes amongst boys and girls. Some of these stereotypes inc single-section that mathematics and sciences are traditionally for males while females are proficient in hum single-sex languages. Thus, single-sex schools were muted as a way to all ow boys and girls to pursue their interests without having to face stereotypes (National Association for Single Sex Public Education, 2011). Kiselewich (2008) advocates for gender segregation in education on a separate but equal basis just as is accepted in athletics. The evidence put forward to support single-sex schools extrapolated from studies that are not directly related to single-sex education. For instance, advantages given for single-sex schooling were mainly drawn from studies on peer/role model effect. Hoxby’s (2000) class size study findings indicated that classes with majority female students had better performance in certain subjects. This is only indirectly related to single-sex education, and there is no evidence that the impact on boys may be equal to that of girls. Other considerations that backed gender segregation stated that girls were likely to pursue male-dominated careers if they attended single-sex schools. The argument further stated that women in si ngle-sex colleges pursued mathematics and sciences on a much greater level than those in coeducation schools (Billger, 2006). The Counterproductive Nature of Gender Segregation in the Education System One of the explanations as to why the promotion of gender segregation in the education system is counterproductive is that it promotes the same gender stereotypes it is said to be addressing. There are several aspects through which this is seen beginning with the insistence that by proponents of single-sex schools that such a system places girls in a position to handle mathematics and sciences. By doing this and by labeling single-sex schools as facilities where girls can pursue these areas of study, the perception that such subjects are better and that girls cannot excel in them is further strengthened.  

Explain statistical power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Explain statistical power - Essay Example According to Ellis (71), statisticians conduct power analysis prior to experiments in order to anticipate the possibility of a study outlaying accurate results. The objective is estimating the effects of the larger sample size in relation to its significance on the study. The less the power, the higher the chances of the occurrence type II error and vice verse. The two possibilities results from the likeness of an error in data collection (Ellis 60). Consequently, statistical power is the retention of null with accuracy, hence the reason, researchers strive to attain more statistical power when conducting studies. The components that determine statistical powers in a research are the sample size, the effect size, the alpha level and the power. Sample size refers to the units available for the study. Alpha levels are the chances of possibilities. Power is the odd that will result from the treatment of the sample (Rubin 148). Lastly, effect size balances the strength of a research by eliminating errors in power analyses. Indeed, an analysis of the components prior to the collection of data is essential to facilitating accuracy in power

The Legal Structure of the Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Legal Structure of the Business - Term Paper Example Don can set aside the contract under the following defenses against the formation of contracts: Duress and undue influence. In jurisprudence, duress is referred to as a condition where an individual performs an act due to violence, a threat or any other pressure against the person in question. Duress is the pressure that is exerted on a person to induce him to perform an act that he could not otherwise perform under the ordinary situation. Similarly, coercion used lures a one to act or not in a manner that he would not or act. Duress constitutes going against a person’s will, the possibility of legal defense and justification of the commission of an unlawful act          Undue influence in jurisprudence is an equitable doctrine where one party takes advantage of its positional power over the other, making free will bargaining impossible. Don can seek presumed undue influence since their relationship with Evan may fall in the class of relationships, which as a matter of law may facilitate the presumption of undue influence.   Failure of this is not the end.   The actual undue influence allows an innocent party to set aside the contract, in the absence of presumed undue influence provided there is evidence that the power was imbalanced when signing the contract.          Don can seek rescission as a remedy. Rescission is an unbiased remedy that unwinds the contract between the parties. Rescission ensures that the parties to a contract restore their positions as was before they entered the contract. A person seeking rescission must, therefore, agree to return all the benefits that he or she has received from the contract. The furniture, in this case, is not treated as part of the sales. This is pursuant to the exclusion clause. An exclusion clause is an expression in a contract that seeks to restrict the rights of the parties involved in the contract. The exclusion clause can only operate if the terms are incorporated in the contract by signature, as in this case, either by notice or by previous course of dealings.

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCE - Essay Example The two eminent theories of Heckscher-Ohlin and Ricardian theory of international trade by David Ricardo have been discussed below. An introspection of the two theories provides an insight of the main controversies in the field of international trade and the current problems in policy that is affecting international trade. The Ricardian model explains comparative advantage in international trade by taking into account factors like natural resources and technology advancements of a country. The factors of comparative labour and capital have not been considered by Ricardo while explaining comparative advantage. The Heckscher-Ohlin model of international trade on the other hand assumes that the labour and capital are abundant resources that vary from one country to another and technology in long term prospects are assumed to be same. Heckscher-Ohlin derived that a country exports such goods that make optimal utilisation of local factors and imports those goods which could not make use o f available factors. David Ricardo: Ricardian theory of international trade International trade is necessary for the sustenance of globalization. ... Ricardian theory, however, holds the underlying assumption that the labour is the primary input for production and the trade at international stage occurs due to relative ratios of labour of the different nations (Rivera-Batiz and   Oliva, 2003, p.4). The other assumptions in the Ricardian model of international trade says that the labour as an input of production of the countries is also inelastic and there is no cost of transportation and no international trade barriers. The theory of comparative advantage has been explained by two factors namely, the opportunity cost and the production possibility frontier. The opportunity cost of the countries can be determined as the loss incurred for a certain production due to increase in another production. In international trade theory, the opportunity cost to a country is the decrease in cost of production arising out of scarcity of some factors for which the country imports goods and services from another country where those factors are present. The countries would carry out international trade in such a way that the opportunity cost is high. This could be done by international exports of goods that have abundant factors available in the boundary of the country and through import of goods that have scarcity of factors in the national boundaries. The production possibility frontier explains that the output of the country remains same for a certain level of technology and international trade takes place due to difference in outputs as a result of different levels of technology achieved by different countries. Heckscher-Ohlin - Heckscher Ohlin theory of international trade Capital and

Internal policies and procedures Essay Example for Free

Internal policies and procedures Essay Technology is a significant facet of district operations. Technology affects performance through enabling the citizens to access as well as analyze information, resolve problems, work in partnership with others, and successfully communicate their thoughts and information. People make use of technology as an instrument to support in administrative duties. Technology in information systems is needed to provide appropriate information to efficiently manage the district’s assets and make knowledgeable decisions. Only copyrighted materials are put through restrictions within a Policy Statement. Materials that are not copyrighted may be copied unreservedly and without limit. Copyrighted software and patented hardware may be copied devoid of copyright owner’s consent only in proportion to the Copyright Act that permits making an archival back-up duplicate. However, most software is licensed to a user and the terms of a license agreement may provide the user consent to create copies of the software beyond the archival copy allowed by the Copyright Act. Software license agreements and patented hardware are unique and consequently, the rights of the user to copy licensed software further than that endorsed under the Copyright Act may simply be verified by means of reading the user’s license agreement (Wesier, 77). Any reproduction or copying of copyrighted software on a system or constituent computing equipment must be in line with the Copyright Act and the related software license conformity. Educational institutions may not utilize unauthorized copies of software on system or component institution-owned networks or computers housed in a system or component institution facilities. In view of the fact that software companies are worried by the soaring rate of plagiarism and piracy of their programs, studies for probable violations can be anticipated. While software corporations may not possibly find it lucrative to file suit against an individual for violation, it definitely would not be reserved from filing suit against Universities. Additionally, companies may need to convey suits against people to put off future impending pirates. Software companies could also proscribe University’s use of their software packages. Consequently, University employees who make use of these software materials have a responsibility to avert use of copyrighted materials and to utilize the software barely in accordance with licensing agreements. EVALUATION OF CURRENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES OF ALACHUA COUNTY The Alachua County has cost-efficiently purchased new technology, maintains a reliable technology infrastructure given obtainable resources, have instituted policies and moral standards for using technology, and has good controls to guarantee appropriate access and make use of the district’s information systems. In 2001, the district’s technology departments were pooled into one inclusive department Administrative and Instructional Technology Department. The amalgamation took place when the directors comprehended that both departments had overlying duties as well as consolidation into one department would augment overall effectiveness. To utilize the remaining best practice principles and guarantee the performance, competence, and efficacy of its softwares and hardwares, the district have to regularly modernize and monitor its technology arrangement, make the training processes official related to technology, regulate budget allowances within obtainable funding, utilize the work order structure to develop the delivery of support, develop the use of technology to progress communications, and institute procedures for analyzing technology services and purchases. Along with the district’s District Technology Plan (2001-2006), the Alachua County currently make use of computers for instruction in general areas: schools curriculum support, technology literacy, as well as communication. All districts have computer committees that provide direction for the function of technology within the instructional procedure and the acquisition of hardware/software. Every district selects and purchases its computer software in accordance with its needs. The constituency sets common direction and provides supervision to guarantee the quality and compatibility of instructional materials. The Technology and Information Services Department supervises technology in Alachua County schools, counting central processing unit and support of services, finance, human resources, and facilities functions. In that structure, the department addresses all issues related to both instructional and technology administrative, as well as the local area networks at each school and district. The staffs support other areas of technology at schools and districts, and assists in using technology. However, the county’s technology plan does not provide sufficient direction for instructional and administrative technology decision-making. Planning is the means to a well-delivered and well-implemented information system. Efficient planning helps guarantee that district information system meets the instructional needs of the people and the administrative needs of decision makers, including schools, hospitals and other organizations and agencies. An effectual planning procedure identifies the technology necessities of users, develops strategies to obtain needed technology in a lucrative manner, and identifies accessible funds required for acquisitions. To ensure that all critical needs are identified, the planning process should comprise an extensive range of stakeholder participation. The decisions made throughout the planning process must be in writing and the resulting plan has to guide technology-related policymaking as well as acquisitions.

Movie Analysis Of Leadership Development

Movie Analysis Of Leadership Development You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You must do the thing you think you cannot do. -Eleanor Roosevelt The above stated lines speak up the spirit of Norma Rae and the power of a leader. The quotation highlights the two main points shown in the film; the strength and courage of a woman and the idea of justice and equal rights for all. The film shows how an oppressed, young American lady who in initial stage did not had courage to fight against intolerable environment, converts into a charismatic leader and helps up bringing the whole textile labour society. The Film: The film Norma Raes release came in an era when labour unions were falling out of favour with the American public and politicians appeared eager to criticize organized labour for harming American competitiveness in the global marketplace. Norma Rae (played by actress Sally Field) focuses on the experiences of an individual who lived in Roanoke Rapids, NC and played a leadership role in the struggle to win union representation from the J.P. Stevens Company. Her real name was Crystal Lee. Crystal Lee had grown up in a family of mill workers, laboured in a variety of jobs, including textiles, and then, rather suddenly, discovered an interest in unions when she heard the speech of an organizer who had come to Roanoke Rapids. She successfully demonstrated that power is not based on title or status; it comes by connecting with people and standing up for what you believe in (Goleman et al, 2002). The movie clearly sends out the message that strong will power, hard work and determination can surely make impossible possible. It substantiates the bonding between a leader and his follower, the importance of such a symbiotic relationship and how the follower can become a leader too by synergizing bonds. It is a live commentary on the inherent leadership potential lying latent in everyone of us and how the environmental factors, situations and a suitable guidance can convert us into a charismatic leader. The movie begins with the loud noise of machines in the mill doing its job and still shots from Ms. Raes life from being an infant to a sad woman, one amongst the 800 mill-workers; a cog in the cotton mill machinery who is not enjoying life, but is only struggling with it to survive. Workers are portrayed as being machines themselves making machines in unceasing eight hour shifts and trying to come to terms with this machine age .Norma Raes mother facing the problem of temporary deafness due to the unbearable noise produced by the machines in the mill. These pathetic working environmental conditions with short and few breaks in-between the working hours, no windows, no proper working conditions and poor management played a major role in transforming Norma Rae into a leader. To begin with, she is a young, hard working, energetic lady with no decided goals. She is a rebel without a cause, unharnessed youth of the age who fearlessly confronts the management. The bosses first tried to hold her by offering a rise in salary by 1$/hr and offering a higher position than others. At first, she plays into their hands, she accepted the offer, but when she was cut off from her people and saw an attitude change in them then she realizes a very important lesson of life that to find strength, one must be with and from the people. Then comes into play Reuben Warshofsky (played by Ron Leibman), an urban union leader who knows the labour laws and the legal system and just needs an insider to materialize his goals from within, who could support him in serving the good cause of publicising the labour union and telling the benefits of it. With Ruebens coordination and learning, Norma slowly transforms into a strong and confident leader. This symbiotic conventional mentor-protà ©gà ©e bond develops into an affective partnership where Norma and Reuben spread awareness and overcome personal and work related obstacles together. Reubens authority, knowledge and wittiness to handle situations helped making a path and strategy to confront the problems. Norma Rae had been marketed to the American public as a story about a female Rocky and as a film that exuded feminist spirit while not overtly preaching feminism. Leadership Styles: There are various leadership styles reflected by various characters in the film Norma Rae, following theories and styles help us explain them: Leaderships gender perspective Transformational Leadership Authoritarian and Participative leadership Style Contingency Theory and Situational leadership Vision Development Conflicts Social Identity Theory Leaderships gender perspective: Because I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to succeed. If I fail, no one will say, She doesnt have what it takes. They will say, Women dont have what it takes. (Clare Boothe Luce) There is a cultural ideal in most societies that generally men are the leaders. This ideal persists despite the fact that women in many nations have participated in governing the whole nation operating at the topmost positions like Prime Minister and President (Table 1). There still seems to be, in some circles, a belief in some societies that women do not belong in the leadership, and are especially ill-perceived in leadership positions. There still appears to be a commonly held belief that, while women are tolerated in the ranks, many men still believe that leadership in their domain alone. The male centred society has usually associated women with certain specific roles; such taking care of household tasks, looking after children etc. The film Norma Rae tries to evolve such typical and orthodox mindset. The above said sentences can easily be collected from a scene where Normas husband shows anger on her when she used to come late and tries to let her realize her duties towards hou sehold works like washing clothes, cooking food, and looking after kids. But Norma made him realize that she has been working for a great cause and motive and he should understand it. Norma proves it to the whole society that women can not only look after the house and children but also can work, earn, lead and change the system. She also proves that women who are not associated with leadership can be taught and developed to be good leaders. It is truly and beautifully said that: Women have certain characteristics that give them an edge over men in being leaders, like- empathy, and a caring attitude (Heller, 1982). Transformational Leadership: Transformational leadership is a leadership approach that is defined as leadership that creates valuable and positive change in the followers. A transformational leader focuses on transforming others to help each other, to look out for each other, to be encouraging and harmonious, and to look out for the organization as a whole. In this leadership, the leader enhances the motivation, morale and performance of his follower group (source: www.wikepedia.org). This is a leadership style exhibited primarily by Rueben, Norma gradually adopts this style. Transformational Leadership occurs when the leader take a visionary position and inspires others to follow. The essence of transformational leadership lies making the followers understand the goals and inspire them to achieve them (Bass et al, 1994). Like many other leaders Norma used the help of her mentor Rueben to understand various leadership traits. To understand the complexity of the environment Rueben who is the mentor here shares all his knowledge and expertise with his protà ©gà © Norma, to become a better leader. Norma evolves as a leader with the help of her mentor, Rueben. She learnt about how she can help people to fight the inequality and how to make them stand against the prevailing evils in the work environment. She understands the fact that: To lead, one must follow. -Lao Tzu Reuben has better Leadership skills than Norma, but his profession and demands matched while that of Norma didnt. Ruebens strength lies in the fact that he inspires people to come forward and realise their potential. He follows the principle of Leadership Development. Reuben better knows how to use the processes of leadership development, i.e., assessment, challenge and support (Howell et al, 2006). Rueben has a better understanding than Norma about of the psychology of his followers to inspirationally motivate them and intellectually stimulate them (Pierce et al, 2008). He makes Norma and the workers understand the fact that a union is essential for them and thus sets the ball rolling. Norma takes the lead and spreads awareness amongst the workers. Normas leadership style is quite inspired by Rueben and she also grows up into a transformational leader. Norma learned the lesson from Rueben: If you are not the lead dog scenery never changes (Source: LeadershipAdvanceOnline) Authoritarian and Participative leadership style: Authoritarian: This style is used when leaders tell their employees what they want done and how they want it accomplished, without getting the advice of their followers. (Source: www.nwlink.com) Norma is shown as an energetic and hard working character in this film, thus authoritarian characteristic, though in a very small content, is exhibited in her natural characteristics. This style is used when Norma tells her peers working for the formation of the labour society about what they want to be done and how she wants it to be accomplished, without getting the advice from them. This leadership style can even be seen the scene when Norma shouts on one of her peer for not getting the work done on time and she had to spend extra effort on augments than to concentrate on other core tasks like planning and management. This leadership style is primarily exhibited by management of O.P Henley textile mill; the management is too much authoritarian and does not want any employee to raise voice against the odds in the mill. The management misuses its authority to restrict union activities been performed by Norma in the work place. The management is least bothered about the employee care , they just want the work to be done without giving any concerns to the voice, needs and requirements of employees. The management of O.P Henley textile mill seems to deny the truth: The key to successful leadership today is influence, not authority. -Kenneth Blanchard Participative (Democratic): This style involves the leader including one or more employees in the decision making process (determining what to do and how to do it) (Source: http://www.nwlink.com) This leadership style is very much exhibited in the Norma Rae character of the film; in fact the core of the film revolves round this leadership quality. Norma Rae participates in decision making with Rueben. Planning, controlling, pursuing, managing, organizing, and all other tasks are performed by her in a participative manner, either with the peer members of the union supporting group, peer workers or Rueben. An example of participative leadership of Norma could be seen in a scene in which she and the fellow employees wear a large union button in the work setting to speak their fellow workers about joining a union which was protected under the new rules. Norma used to involve and convince people working in the mill to get involved in union formation; she generally used to take inputs from peer workers and Rueben on how to manage tasks. Situational Leadership: Another leadership concept clearly visible from the film Norma Rae is Situational Leadership or the Contingency Theory of Leadership. As per this concept the leadership style is contingent to situations and circumstances (Howell et al, 2006). It is said to be the best style of leadership. The style to be used depends on the readiness level of the people the leader is trying to influence (Pierce et al, 2008). Norma Rae realized the intolerable situation of the textile mill workers were working in, that propelled her to change of the situation and lead the labour society to form a union for their own and for the sake of whole textile labour society. Situational leadership is clearly demonstrated by Norma Rae in the scene when after getting fired from her job in the mill, she mounted a table in her work room and held up a sheet of cardboard with the word UNION marked on it in large letters. She turned around slowly, demonstrating her bold message to the assorted hemmers, terry cutters and packers in the room. As a result of this action, the workers who had been facing the unbearable situations since long, without revolting, were stunned and realized that the time has come to be united and to stand against the management for the common objective of equality and justice, Norma clearly demonstrated her leadership in the odd situation, this scene though silent left a big impact and played a major role in union formation in American textile industry. By demonstrating situational leadership at various instances Norma Rae proved the following definition of leadership: Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it Dwight Eisenhower Vision Development: A vision is a guiding image of what success looks like. It answers the question what do you wish to become. (Source www.thepracticeofleadership.net) Norma Rae is a southern textile worker employed in a factory with intolerable working conditions. She was born and brought up in a family of workers who were facing these conditions since long. In the opening scene of the movie, the viewer is immediately introduced to what it might really be like working all day in a textile factory. The operation of the machinery is deafening. At the end of the scene, we discover that is exactly the case as Norma Rae realizes her own mother cannot hear. Norma from her past had a vision of what is prevalent in the environment and needs to be removed, but since she was used to it and was unaware of her latent leadership abilities she was unable to pursue that vision. Rueben made her realize her leadership capabilities and supported her vision to resolve the issues which she and the society was facing since long. To use vision as a strategy, she needed to define three elements-the plan, current state and desired state (Refer appendix 2). It means defin ing where she was now, where she wanted to be in the future and how she was going to get there This concern about the situation gave her the gumption to be the key associate to a visiting labour union organizer. They knew the present situation, they developed a plan and structure to bring as many people together with them as possible. Together, they undertook the difficult, and possibly dangerous, struggle to unionize her factory) and saved the future of many workers working in textile industry. It was their vision which led them to succeed and let them attain their objectives. Normas success which was lead by her vision justifies the following quote: The very essence of leadership is that you have to have a vision. Its got to be a vision you articulate clearly and forcefully on every occasion. You cant blow an uncertain trumpet. -Theodore Hesburgh Conflicts: Dont be afraid of opposition. Remember, a kite rises against; not with; the wind. Hamilton Wright Mabie This is the main idea which Norma Rae seems to be following in the film. Any leader cannot grow without facing conflicts or without fighting the situations against him/her. In the film Norma Rae, Norma also comes across various conflicts while trying to achieve her goal. The first conflict is at her workplace i.e. against the management of O.P. Henley Textile Mill, the mill management never wanted Norma to form a union, and the management was against her since the beginning of union chapter. Norma had to face many conflicts from the management, some examples of it are, the management warned her at various moments that she might lose her job if she continues to raise voice for union in the work place, she was asked why she used workplace telephone in office hours?, she was asked to remove the unions button, she was warned while favouring the Unions notice on the notice board at work place, But Norma continued with her union objectives and kept on publicising the union, its cause and i ts functions to her peers, finally the management called the police chief to take her away to book her on disorderly conduct charges. Norma Rae did not leave calmly. She kicked, twisted, and screamed, and she had to be stuffed into the squad car and kept behind the bars for a night. At her home, being a lady she was expected to cook food, wash clothes, look after the kids, and perform all other household activities, but since she was very much involved in the union activities she could not take out time for all these works, there was a conflict between her and her husband regarding the same on which she reacted aggressively showing her discontent that while she kept busy in work it was the responsibility of him to take care of such tasks. All these conflicts made her stronger to fight for her cause. Social Identity Theory: Social identity theory: leader is picked by followers or chosen to be supported by followers because s/he is most like them. (Source- Slides) Norma Rae is a co-worker of the labours in the O.P Henley textile mills, this is an additional benefit which she enjoys to become a leader of them and for them, as stated in the social identity theory. There is a peer trust relationship between Norma and her followers, followers know that Norma is well aware of the situations and conditions prevalent in the working condition as she is one of them. This trust, respect and belief can be seen when she held up a sheet of cardboard with the word UNION marked on it in large letters, all her followers supported her and stopped working, they knew that what she was doing is for them and for their well being. In an earlier scene we see that Norma was offered a better designation and salary as that of peers, but when she realised the value of social identity she left the designation. Norma knew that without winning the confidence of her peers and without being one of them she would not be able to succeed to reach her destination. She knew the v alue of social identity. Conclusion Norma Rae though a great social transformer, does not depict the characteristics of a very great leader with a big following. In fact, Norma didnt even have any followers as seen from a conventional view. Yet, she achieved and benefited many. She transformed the way labours were treated in the society, depicting a very interesting, unique and a subtle style of leadership. Norma Rae proved that passion and not position is where courage of a great leader to fulfil his vision, comes from. She along with Reuben, achieved her goal of establishing a union, yet facilitated the workers to believe that it was their effort and achievement. The following lines best describe the leadership style of Norma Rae: Go to the people. Learn from them. Live with them. Start with what they know. Build with what they have. The best of leaders when the job is done, when the task is accomplished, the people will say we have done it ourselves. -Lao Tzu Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Vision as a Strategy